Rare Pediatrics News

Disease Profile

2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

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ICD-10

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Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome; Del(2)(p15p16.1); Monosomy 2p15-p16.1;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 261349

Definition
2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by developmental delay and facial dysmorphism.

Epidemiology
It has been clinically and molecularly characterized in 5 patients.

Clinical description
Dysmorphic features include receding forehead, telecanthus, epicanthic fold, short and down-slanting palpebral fissures, ptosis, broad and high nasal bridge, retrognathia, flat philtrum, small mouth with high, narrow palate and everted lower lip. Ophthalmologic examination in 4 patients revealed bilateral optic atrophy/hypoplasia. Microcephaly, short stature, genitourinary abnormalities and behavioral problems are common.

Etiology
This syndrome is caused by an interstitial deletion 2p15p16.1 (present in mosaic in one patient). These de novo deletions were characterized by comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) microarray and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). They have a variable size from 570 kb to 5.7 Mb and encompass several genes. Haploinsufficiency of these genes could contribute to the phenotype.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Blepharophimosis
Narrow opening between the eyelids
0000581
Delayed speech and language development
Deficiency of speech development
Delayed language development
Delayed speech
Delayed speech acquisition
Delayed speech development
Impaired speech and language development
Impaired speech development
Language delay
Language delayed
Language development deficit
Late-onset speech development
Poor language development
Speech and language delay
Speech and language difficulties
Speech delay

[ more ]

0000750
Downslanted palpebral fissures
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids
0000494
Epicanthus
Eye folds
Prominent eye folds

[ more ]

0000286
Everted lower lip vermilion
Drooping lower lip
Outward turned lower lip

[ more ]

0000232
Global developmental delay
0001263
High palate
Elevated palate
Increased palatal height

[ more ]

0000218
Intellectual disability, moderate
IQ between 34 and 49
0002342
Long philtrum
0000343
Microcephaly
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
Small head circumference

[ more ]

0000252
Narrow mouth
Small mouth
0000160
Optic atrophy
0000648
Optic nerve hypoplasia
0000609
Prominent nasal bridge
Elevated nasal bridge
High nasal bridge
Prominent bridge of nose
Prominent nasal root
Protruding bridge of nose
Protruding nasal bridge

[ more ]

0000426
Ptosis
Drooping upper eyelid
0000508
Smooth philtrum
0000319
Telecanthus
Corners of eye widely separated
0000506
Wide nasal bridge
Broad nasal bridge
Broad nasal root
Broadened nasal bridge
Increased breadth of bridge of nose
Increased breadth of nasal bridge
Increased width of bridge of nose
Increased width of nasal bridge
Nasal bridge broad
Wide bridge of nose
Widened nasal bridge

[ more ]

0000431
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention deficit
Attention deficit disorder
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
Attention deficits
Childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

[ more ]

0007018
Autism
0000717
Brachycephaly
Short and broad skull
0000248
Camptodactyly of finger
Permanent flexion of the finger
0100490
Failure to thrive
Faltering weight
Weight faltering

[ more ]

0001508
Generalized hypotonia
Decreased muscle tone
Low muscle tone

[ more ]

0001290
Hydronephrosis
0000126
Intrauterine growth retardation
Prenatal growth deficiency
Prenatal growth retardation

[ more ]

0001511
Long eyelashes
Increased length of eyelashes
Unusually long eyelashes

[ more ]

0000527
Lower limb spasticity
0002061
Low-set ears
Low set ears
Lowset ears

[ more ]

0000369
Metatarsus adductus
Front half of foot turns inward
0001840
Narrow forehead
Decreased width of the forehead
0000341
Prominent nasal tip
Large nasal tip
Large tip of nose
Prominent tip of nose
Pronounced nasal tip
Pronounced tip of nose

[ more ]

0005274
Protruding ear
Prominent ear
Prominent ears

[ more ]

0000411
Recurrent respiratory infections
Frequent respiratory infections
Multiple respiratory infections
respiratory infections, recurrent
Susceptibility to respiratory infections

[ more ]

0002205
Retrognathia
Receding chin
Receding lower jaw
Weak chin
Weak jaw

[ more ]

0000278
Sloping forehead
Inclined forehead
Receding forehead

[ more ]

0000340
Strabismus
Cross-eyed
Squint
Squint eyes

[ more ]

0000486
Tapered finger
Tapered fingertips
Tapering fingers

[ more ]

0001182
Visual impairment
Impaired vision
Loss of eyesight
Poor vision

[ more ]

0000505
Wide intermamillary distance
Wide-spaced nipples
Widely spaced nipples
Widely-spaced nipples

[ more ]

0006610
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Aortic regurgitation
0001659
Bilateral single transverse palmar creases
0007598
Cerebellar hypoplasia
Small cerebellum
Underdeveloped cerebellum

[ more ]

0001321
Decreased testicular size
Small testes
Small testis

[ more ]

0008734
Dysarthria
Difficulty articulating speech
0001260
Dysphagia
Poor swallowing
Swallowing difficulties
Swallowing difficulty

[ more ]

0002015
EEG abnormality
0002353
Enlarged thorax
Wide rib cage
0100625
Facial palsy
Bell's palsy
0010628
Feeding difficulties
Feeding problems
Poor feeding

[ more ]

Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

    Learn more

    These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

    Where to Start

    • Unique is a source of information and support for families and individuals affected by rare chromosome disorders. Click on the link to view information about 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome.

      In-Depth Information

      • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
      • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.

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