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Disease Profile

Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

Unknown

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Adolescent

ICD-10

N25.8

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

RTA, classic type; RTA, gradient type; Renal tubular acidosis 1;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Kidney and Urinary Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
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Orpha Number: 93608

Definition
A rare inherited form of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis often but not always associated with hypokalemia.

Epidemiology
The prevalence is unknown.

Clinical description
Disease onset occurs in adolescence or adulthood and initial manifestations can include polyuria, polydipsia, muscle weakness and fatigue. Osteomalacia or osteopenia can occur due to calcium salt loss from the bones. Hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis may result from long term chronic metabolic acidosis. Renal failure has not been described.

Etiology
AD dRTA is due to mutations in the SLC4A1 gene (17q21.31) encoding the band 3 anion transport protein (AE1). This protein is found in the alpha-intercalated distal tubular cells and red blood cell membranes. Mutations in the SLC4A1 gene show a pleiotrophic effect that result in two distinct phenotypes: dRTA or red cell dysmorphologies (hereditary spherocytosis or Southeast Asian ovalocytosis) (see these terms).

Genetic counseling
This disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and genetic counseling is possible.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal dominant inheritance
0000006
Hypocalcemia
Low blood calcium levels
0002901
Muscle weakness
Muscular weakness
0001324
Nephrocalcinosis
Too much calcium deposited in kidneys
0000121
Osteomalacia
Softening of the bones
0002749
Pathologic fracture
Spontaneous fracture
0002756
Periodic hypokalemic paresis
0008153
Periodic paralysis
0003768
Postnatal growth retardation
Growth delay as children
0008897
Renal tubular acidosis
Accumulation of acid in body due to kidney problem
0001947

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.