Rare Pediatrics News
Disease Profile
Multifocal motor neuropathy
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
1-9 / 100 000
Age of onset
Adult
ICD-10
G61.8
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.
X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.
Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Not applicable
Other names (AKA)
MMN; MMNCB; Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block
Categories
Nervous System Diseases
Summary
Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) causes damage to the nerves in the arms and legs. Nerve damage begins in adulthood and slowly gets worse over time. One side of the body may be more affected than the other. Symptoms of MMN may include weakness in the hands and lower arms; cramping; involuntary contractions or twitching; wrist drop or foot drop, and wasting of the affected muscles. MMN is thought to be due to an abnormal immune response, but the underlying cause is not clear. Diagnosis is based on the symptoms, clinical exam, and specific laboratory testing. Guidelines for diagnosis have been published. Treatment includes intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). Most people with MMN have rapid improvement in weakness with IVIG, but this treatment needs to be repeated regularly. Cyclophosphamide has also been effective in treating MMN. Physical and occupational therapy may be helpful for some people with MMN.[1][2][3][4]
Symptoms
This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.
Medical Terms | Other Names |
Learn More:
HPO ID
|
---|---|---|
80%-99% of people have these symptoms | ||
Progressive distal muscle weakness | 0009063 | |
30%-79% of people have these symptoms | ||
Fasciculations |
Muscle twitch
|
0002380 |
Functional motor deficit | 0004302 | |
Ganglioside accumulation | 0004345 | |
Increased CSF |
0002922 | |
Limb muscle weakness |
Limb weakness
|
0003690 |
Limited wrist extension | 0006251 | |
Motor conduction block | 0012078 | |
Muscle spasm | 0003394 | |
Progressive muscle weakness | 0003323 | |
Reduced tendon reflexes | 0001315 | |
Weakness of long finger extensor muscles | 0009077 |
Cause
Diagnosis
Treatment
Organizations
Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
Organizations Supporting this Disease
-
GBS/CIDP Foundation International
375 East Elm Street, Suite 101
Conshohocken, PA 19428
Toll-free: 1-866-224-3301 (from North America)
Telephone: +1-610-667-0131
Fax: +1-610-667-7036
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.gbs-cidp.org/ -
Neuropathy Action Foundation
1950 Old Tustin Avenue
Santa Ana, CA 92705
Toll-free: (877) 512-7262
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.neuropathyaction.org/ -
The Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy
485 Half Day Road
Suite 350
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Telephone: +1-877-883-9942
Fax: +1-847-883-9960
E-mail: https://www.foundationforpn.org/contact-us/
Website: https://www.foundationforpn.org
Social Networking Websites
- Visit the following Facebook groups related to Multifocal motor neuropathy:
MMN Multifocal Motor Neuropathy
Learn more
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Where to Start
- The GBS/CIDP Foundation International provides information about this condition. The GBS|CIDP Foundation International is a global non-profit organization supporting individuals and families affected by Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and related syndromes through a commitment to support, education, research, and advocacy.
- The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) collects and disseminates research information related to neurological disorders. Click on the link to view information on this topic.
- The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.
- The Neuropathy Action Foundation (NAF) provides an online information about Multifocal motor neuropathy. The NAF is dedicated to ensuring neuropathy patients obtain resources, information and tools to access individualized treatment to improve their quality of life.
In-Depth Information
- Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
- The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Multifocal motor neuropathy. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
References
- Lange D and Robinson-Papp J. Multifocal motor neuropathy. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2016; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/multifocal-motor-neuropathy.
- Joint Task Force of he EFNS and the PNS.. European Federation f Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on management of multifocal motor neuropathy. Report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society--first revision. J Peripher Nerv Syst.. Dec 2010; 15(4):295-301. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21199100/.
- Yeh WZ, Dyck PJ, van den Berg LH, Kiernan MC, Taylor BV. Multifocal motor neuropathy: controversies and priorities. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.. Feb 2020; 91(2):140-148. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31511307/.
- Hameed S, Cascella M.. Multifocal Motor Neuropathy.. StatPearls. Updated Feb 7, 2021; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32119411/.
- NINDS Multifocal Motor Neuropathy Information Page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2016; https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Multifocal-Motor-Neuropathy-Information-Page.
- Zivkovic S. Multifocal Motor Neuropathy With Conduction Blocks. Medscape Reference. September 27, 2016; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1174021-overview.
- Guimarães-Costa R, Bombelli F, and Léger JM. Multifocal motor neuropathy. Presse Med. June 2013; 42(6 Pt 2):e217-24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23623583.
- MMN Overview. GBS/CIDP Foundation International. 2016; https://www.gbs-cidp.org/variants/mmn-overview/.
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