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Disease Profile
Oculocutaneous albinism type 1
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
1-9 / 100 000
Age of onset
Infancy
ICD-10
E70.3
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.
X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.
Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Not applicable
Other names (AKA)
OCA1; Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A; OCA1A;
Categories
Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Eye diseases; Metabolic disorders;
Summary
Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 is a condition that affects the coloring of the skin, hair, and eyes. Signs and symptoms include very fair skin, white hair, an increased risk for skin damage with sun exposure, reduced vision (sharpness), light colored irises,
Symptoms
This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.
| Medical Terms | Other Names |
Learn More:
HPO ID
|
|---|---|---|
| 80%-99% of people have these symptoms | ||
| Abnormal morphology of the choroidal vasculature | 0025568 | |
| Abnormality of visual evoked potentials | 0000649 | |
| Blue irides |
Blue eyes
|
0000635 |
| Cutaneous photosensitivity |
Photosensitive skin
Photosensitive skin rashes
Photosensitivity
Sensitivity to sunlight
Skin photosensitivity
Sun sensitivity
[ more ] |
0000992 |
| Depigmented fundus | 0007680 | |
| Generalized hypopigmentation |
Fair skin
Pale pigmentation
[ more ] |
0007513 |
| Generalized hypopigmentation of hair | 0011358 | |
| Hypoplasia of the fovea | 0007750 | |
| Iris hypopigmentation |
Light eye color
|
0007730 |
| Iris transillumination defect | 0012805 | |
|
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements
|
0000639 | |
| Optic nerve misrouting | 0025551 | |
| Photophobia |
Extreme sensitivity of the eyes to light
Light hypersensitivity
[ more ] |
0000613 |
| 30%-79% of people have these symptoms | ||
| Amblyopia |
Lazy eye
Wandering eye
[ more ] |
0000646 |
|
Cross-eyed
Squint
Squint eyes
[ more ] |
0000486 | |
| White eyebrow |
Pale eyebrow
|
0002226 |
| White eyelashes |
Blonde eyelashes
Pale eyelashes
[ more ] |
0002227 |
| 5%-29% of people have these symptoms | ||
| Thickened skin |
Thick skin
|
0001072 |
| 1%-4% of people have these symptoms | ||
| Actinic keratosis | 0025127 | |
| Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO | ||
| Absent skin pigmentation |
Lack of skin coloration
|
0200098 |
| Albinism | 0001022 | |
| Astigmatism |
Abnormal curving of the cornea or lens of the eye
|
0000483 |
| 0000007 | ||
|
Symptoms present at birth
|
0003577 | |
| Exotropia |
Outward facing eye ball
|
0000577 |
| Myopia |
Close sighted
Near sighted
Near sightedness
Nearsightedness
[ more ] |
0000545 |
| Ocular albinism |
Absent pigmentation in the eye
|
0001107 |
| Reduced visual acuity |
Decreased clarity of vision
|
0007663 |
| White hair | 0011364 | |
Organizations
Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
Organizations Supporting this Disease
-
The National Organization of Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH)
PO Box 959
East Hampstead, NH 03826-0959
Toll-free: 800-473-2310;
Telephone: 603-887-2310
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.albinism.org
Organizations Providing General Support
-
The Vision of Children Foundation (VOC)
12555 High Bluff Drive, Suite 330
San Diego, CA 92130
Telephone: +1-858-314-7916
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.visionofchildren.org/
Learn more
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Where to Start
- Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Oculocutaneous albinism type 1. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
In-Depth Information
- GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
- The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Oculocutaneous albinism type 1. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
References
- Oculocutaneous albinism. Genetics Home Reference. March 2007; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/oculocutaneous-albinism. Accessed 10/15/2012.