Rare Pediatrics News

Disease Profile

SCN1A-related seizure disorders

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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Age of onset

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ICD-10

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Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Summary

SCN1A-related seizure disorders is a group of diseases that includes simple febrile seizures, generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, Dravet syndrome, migrating partial seizures of infancy, and intractable childhood epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, as well as some cases of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, West syndrome (infantile spasms) and vaccine-related encephalopathy and seizures.[1][2] Signs and symptoms can vary, even among members of the same family, and may include seizures related to fever, focal convulsions (convulsions that start in one area of the brain) or generalized convulsions that can not be controlled by medication. The diseases are caused by mutations in the SCN1A gene. Inheritance is autosomal dominant, but most cases happen in those without a family history (de novo). Treatment includes the use of antiepileptic medication and ketogenic diet.[2]

Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

    Learn more

    These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

    In-Depth Information

    • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.

      References

      1. SCN1A. Genetics Home Reference. April, 2016; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SCN1A.
      2. Miller IO & Sotero de Menezes MA. SCN1A-Related Seizure Disorders. GeneReviews. May, 2014; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1318/.